TULA - CITY - HERO
If we go around the perimeter of the Kremlin, we will see that it is almost a regular rectangle, the walls of which stretch for more than a kilometer and cover an area of about six hectares. They rise on a white-stone, dilapidated pedestal, trimmed with a half-loop, and end with two-horned dovetails in the form of a swallowtail with loopholes. The height of the walls is now about 10 meters, the thickness on the southern and western sections is 2.8, on the north and east - 3.2 meters. The inner sides of the walls are dissected by deep arched niches embedded in them.
Along the walls at an altitude of 6-6.5 meters there is a "fighting course" - a platform from where, under the cover of the battlements, who "with a pischal and who with a spear" reflected the enemy defenders of the city. In the niches of the walls above the basement there were loopholes of "plantar battle", from which fire was also fired.
Towers with tall wooden tented roofs divide the walls into sections - "spun". Crowned towers battlements were hinged, or "slanting battle," through which they shot down, poured hot resin. In the XVII century on the towers there were up to 50 sips of "Moscow and German casting" - quite a powerful artillery.
In the thickness of the walls of these towers at the level of the combat course was a bypass gallery with loopholes "to the field" and inside the tower for shelling the enemy.
The walls were surrounded by a moat with lifting bridges at the gate. The approaches to the Kremlin were not built up to deprive the enemy of shelter.
We did not get the names of remarkable Russian architects - the creators of the Kremlin. They were able to capture in it the age-old traditions of Russian architecture combined with the experience of the Italian builders of the Moscow Kremlin.
The Kremlin was erected in a smart place. Only in 1531 - 1540 the Crimean hordes "came 14 times to Tula places".
Not everyone could get along here. After all, on any day and hour it was necessary to be ready with weapons in hand to go to the Kremlin wall to repel another attack of the enemy. Because the brave and clever people settled in Tula. And these qualities, as history shows, have forever been entrenched in the character of the Tula.
A particularly difficult test for the Kremlin and city residents fell in 1552, when a Crimean horde led by Khan Devlet-Girey, "with all the people and a shell," suddenly appeared at Tula.